The Role of Peer Group Norms in Shaping Self-Identity Formation Among Adolescents
Keywords:
Adolescents, peer group norms, self-identity formationAbstract
Objective: This study aimed to explore how peer group norms influence the formation of self-identity among adolescents.
Methods and Materials: A qualitative research design was employed, drawing on an interpretive phenomenological approach to capture adolescents’ lived experiences. The study recruited 21 adolescents aged 14–18 years from various regions of Hungary using purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews guided by a flexible interview protocol covering peer influence, self-expression, and identity negotiation. Interviews lasted between 45 and 70 minutes, were audio-recorded with consent, and transcribed verbatim. Recruitment continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. Data analysis followed an inductive thematic analysis framework, supported by NVivo 14 software for coding and theme development. Researcher triangulation and reflexive memoing were used to enhance rigor.
Findings: Four overarching thematic categories emerged: (1) Influence of Peer Group Norms on Behavior, including conformity pressure, modeling behavior, and implicit rules; (2) Identity Negotiation within Peer Groups, encompassing exploration of self, role assignment, and identity conflicts; (3) Emotional Impact of Peer Relationships, highlighting emotional support, belongingness, peer-based stress, and social comparison; and (4) Long-Term Effects on Self-Identity Formation, including persistence of peer values, career and academic influences, and shifts in moral perspective. Participants described both positive and negative consequences of aligning with peer norms, emphasizing the enduring influence of group expectations on personal identity.
Conclusion: Peer group norms serve as powerful socializing forces in adolescence, shaping self-concept, emotional well-being, and long-term identity trajectories. While conformity can foster belonging and self-confidence, it can also constrain individuality.
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