Development and Initial Validation of a Sensor-Based Motor Tracking Device for Measuring Early Childhood Motor Skills

Anton Komaini; Agus Rusdiana; Surya Adi  Saputra; Jaffry Bin  Zakaria; Novadri Ayubi

doi:10.61838/kman.intjssh.5587

Authors

Anton Komaini Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2955-0175
Agus Rusdiana Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-1784
Surya Adi Saputra Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2400-4861
Jaffry Bin Zakaria Faculty of Sports Science and Coaching, Sultan Idris Education University, Tanjong Malim 35900, Malaysia Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3612-9725
Novadri Ayubi Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-6636

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.intjssh.5587

Keywords:

Motor Skills, Sensor Technology, Motor Tracking

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to develop a prototype sensor-based motor tracking device and to conduct an initial expert-based validation for assessing early childhood motor skills.

Methods and Materials: This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) design. Three experts in motor skills, media, and testing and measurement evaluated the prototype. The validation process was intended to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the product. After expert validation, a limited preliminary field trial was conducted with two children (one boy and one girl), aged 5-6 years, accompanied by their parents.

Findings: Expert appraisal produced feasibility ratings of 80%, 86%, and 83% for the media, motor skills, and testing and measurement domains, respectively. The overall expert-based feasibility score was 83.0 ± 3.0% (median = 83.0%; range = 80-86%), and all ratings were classified within the predefined valid category. A limited field trial involving two children aged 5-6 years confirmed basic implementation feasibility. These findings support preliminary expert-based feasibility but do not establish full psychometric validity, reliability, measurement accuracy, or criterion validity.

Conclusion: The prototype showed preliminary feasibility for early childhood motor skill assessment based on expert appraisal and limited field implementation. The evidence remains early-stage, and larger validation studies are required to determine reliability, criterion validity, measurement error, sensitivity, specificity, calibration accuracy, and agreement with standardized instruments such as TGMD-3 and MABC-2 before routine use can be recommended.

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