Identification and Evaluation of Factors Affecting Gender Inequality and Women's Participation in Sports Activities

Leyla  Naghavi Anzabi; Ali Mohamad  Safania; Abolfazl  Farahani; Ali Asghar Doroodiyan

doi:10.61838/kman.pwj.5.4.18

Authors

Leyla Naghavi Anzabi Phd Student of Sport Management, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6407-6405
Ali Mohamad Safania Professor of Sport Management ,Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences ,North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Corresponding Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6666-3849
Abolfazl Farahani Professor, Department of Sport Management, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0417-5858
Ali Asghar Doroodiyan Associate Professor of Sport Management, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1605-421X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.pwj.5.4.18

Keywords:

Gender inequality, sports participation, women, Three-Branch Model

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this research is to explain gender inequality and women's participation in sports activities based on the Three-Branch Model.

Methods and Materials: The research method is mixed, combining both qualitative and quantitative approaches. In the qualitative section, data were collected through in-depth interviews, and after coding the concepts and categories based on the Three-Branch Model, the final model was developed. The interviews reached theoretical saturation after 15 interviews. Then, to test the quantitative model, a sample size of 200 women, including managers, assistants, and athletes associated with the Ministry of Sports and Youth, was selected using Cochran's formula. The exploratory results of this model indicate that improving existing structures, increasing the availability of sports facilities, reducing the costs of amenities, and enhancing safety levels can lead to increased sports participation and reduced inequality in sports participation.

Findings: In the inferential analysis, the Three-Branch Model was tested using structural equation modeling. Structural factors (β = 0.88), environmental factors (β = 0.53), and behavioral factors (β = 0.28) have a direct and significant effect on gender inequality and sports participation.

Conclusion: It is recommended that relevant organizations take the mentioned factors into account in efforts to address gender inequality and women's participation in sports activities.