Dimensions of Coping in Individuals Facing Long-Term Unemployment: A Qualitative Exploration
Keywords:
Long-term unemployment, coping strategies, qualitative research, emotional coping, cognitive adaptation, social identity, behavioral copingAbstract
This study aimed to identify and explore the emotional, behavioral, cognitive, and social dimensions of coping among individuals experiencing long-term unemployment. This qualitative study employed a semi-structured interview design to capture the lived experiences of individuals facing extended unemployment. A total of 17 participants from various regions across the United States were recruited through purposive sampling. Interviews were conducted online, recorded with consent, and transcribed verbatim. Data collection continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. NVivo software supported the organization and analysis of data using open, axial, and selective coding procedures. Thematic analysis guided the identification of major themes and subthemes describing coping dimensions. Analysis revealed three overarching thematic dimensions of coping. First, emotional coping mechanisms included strategies for managing anxiety, shame, stigma, and depressive symptoms, as well as seeking emotional support. Second, behavioral and cognitive adaptation strategies encompassed structured job-search routines, skill-building efforts, daily routine maintenance, financial adjustments, and cognitive reframing. Third, social and identity-related coping processes involved reconceptualizing personal identity, navigating social expectations, adjusting family dynamics, managing social withdrawal, and reconnecting through community networks. Collectively, these findings suggest that coping with long-term unemployment is multifaceted and characterized by continuous psychological adaptation across emotional, behavioral, cognitive, and social domains. Long-term unemployment generates substantial psychological and social challenges, requiring individuals to draw upon diverse emotional, behavioral, and relational resources. The findings underscore the need for supportive interventions that address the complex interplay between emotional resilience, routine-building, skill development, identity reconstruction, and social belonging. Programs aimed at strengthening coping capacities may enhance well-being and help individuals navigate prolonged joblessness more effectively.
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