From Motivation to Action: Investigating the Impact of Theory of Planned Behavior Components on the Use of Performance-Enhancing Substances in Young Iraqi Weightlifters

Salih Mahdi  Mukheef Fatlawi; Hamid Zahedi; Ali  Shaboot Ibrahim; Rokhsare  Badami

doi:10.61838/kman.hn.3.1.5

Authors

Salih Mahdi Mukheef Fatlawi PhD student, Department of Motor Behavior, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.

Hamid Zahedi * Assistant Professor, Department of Sports Medicine Research, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran. hamidzhd@yahoo.com

Ali Shaboot Ibrahim Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

Rokhsare Badami Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.

https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.hn.3.1.5

Keywords:

Theory of Planned Behavior, perceived behavioral control, attitude, subjective norms, dietary supplements, performance-enhancing substances, weightlifting

Abstract

The use of dietary supplements among athletes (including weightlifters) is highly prevalent. The aim of the present study was to analyze the components influencing the consumption of dietary supplements and performance-enhancing substances based on the Theory of Planned Behavior among young Iraqi weightlifters. This study employed a descriptive-correlational design and was conducted using a survey method. The statistical population consisted of 376 active weightlifters from 17 cities in Iraq during the years 2023–2024, of whom 324 individuals were selected using proportional stratified random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to measure the variables under investigation. This questionnaire was designed to assess the levels of attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms regarding the consumption of dietary supplements and performance-enhancing substances. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient above 0.70, and its validity was approved by experts in the field of sports. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 and SmartPLS software. The findings revealed that there is a significant and positive relationship between attitude (β = 0.653, P = 0.001), subjective norms (β = 0.498, P = 0.001), and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.498, P = 0.001) with the consumption of dietary supplements and performance-enhancing substances among young Iraqi weightlifters. Young Iraqi weightlifters are influenced by a complex set of psychological factors that drive them toward the use of dietary supplements and performance-enhancing substances, thereby increasing the prevalence of such behaviors among these athletes. It is recommended to organize educational and awareness programs about the negative consequences of using performance-enhancing substances, ethical considerations, and healthy alternatives for improving sports performance. These efforts can help in changing attitudes, reducing social pressure, and supporting young Iraqi weightlifters in achieving their athletic goals.

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