KMAN Publication Inc. Journal of Poultry Sciences and Avian Diseases 2981-135X 4 Serial Number 15 2026 06 01 Comparative Serum Immune Responses to Bacterial Ghost and Liposomal APEC Vaccine Formulations in Broiler Chickens Comparative Serum Immune Responses to Bacterial Ghost and Liposomal APEC Vaccine Formulations in Broiler Chickens 1 10 10.61838/kman.jpsad.205 EN Journal Article <p>This study compared the preliminary serum immune-marker responses induced by two vaccine preparations against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in broiler chickens: a bacterial ghost preparation (BGs) and a liposome-based preparation (LIPO). Serum IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and total IgY were measured by ELISA to evaluate humoral, cellular, and inflammatory responses relative to a negative control group. Overall differences among the three groups were statistically significant for all measured markers (p&lt;0.0001). Direct comparison of the vaccinated groups showed significantly higher IL-10, IL-1β, and total IgY concentrations in the BGs group, whereas IL-4 was significantly higher in the LIPO group. IL-12 and IFN-γ did not differ significantly between the two vaccinated groups. These findings indicate that the two preparations generated distinct preliminary serum immune-marker profiles. Because protective efficacy was not evaluated in an APEC challenge model, further studies are required before either preparation can be considered an effective vaccine against colibacillosis.</p> https://www.journals.kmanpub.com/index.php/jpsad/article/download/6081/11615