Effects of a Yoga-Based Intervention on Self-Compassion, Depression and Loneliness in Obese Adolescents

Authors

    Ramazan Erdoğan Faculty of Sports Sciences, Bitlis Eren University, Bitlis 13100, Türkiye
    Hassan Shafaei * Department of Physical Rehabilitation, massage and health-improving physical culture named after I. M. Sarkizov-Serazini RSUFKSMiT, 105122, Russia, Moscow. shafaeiH@my.msu.ru
https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.intjssh.8.3.2

Keywords:

Obesity, Adolescent, Yoga, Mental Disorders, Exercise

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a yoga-based intervention on self-compassion, depression and loneliness in obese adolescents.

Methods and Materials: A quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest framework was utilized in this research, which involved a sample of 58 male adolescents aged 15 to 17 who were classified as obese. The participants were split into two equal groups: an intervention group of 29 individuals who participated in an eight-week yoga program, and a control group of the same size. To evaluate the research variables, The Self-Compassion Scale, The Patient Health Questionnaire, and The DJGLS-6 were employed, and the data were subsequently analyzed using ANCOVA.

Findings: The analysis conducted at the conclusion of the intervention revealed significant differences among all groups regarding these parameters (P<0.001). These results indicate that the yoga intervention effectively improved self-compassion while simultaneously decreasing levels of depression and loneliness in obese male adolescents.  

Conclusion: Yoga can be regarded as a valuable complementary strategy for alleviating certain psychological disorders in obese male adolescents. Given that young individuals typically enjoy engaging in physical activities like yoga, their participation can lead to significant benefits.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Pomahacova R, Paterova P, Nykodymova E, Polak P, Sladkova E, Skalicka E, et al. Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with endocrine disorders. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2023;167(4):328-34.

2. Zhang X, Liu J, Ni Y, Yi C, Fang Y, Ning Q, et al. Global Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2024;178(8):800-13.

3. Kansra AR, Lakkunarajah S, Jay MS. Childhood and Adolescent Obesity: A Review. Front Pediatr. 2021;8:581461.

4. Amoadu M, Obeng P, Abekah Baah J, Acquah P, Cobbinah G, Aku Ogum M, et al. Overweight and Obesity Among In-School Children and Adolescents (5-19 Years) in Ghana: A Scoping Review of Prevalence and Risk Factors. J Obes. 2024;2024:8895265.

5. Biswas T, Islam A, Islam MS, Pervin S, Rawal LB. Overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Bangladesh: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health. 2017;142:94-101.

6. Collaborators GUOF. National-level and state-level prevalence of overweight and obesity among children, adolescents, and adults in the USA, 1990-2021, and forecasts up to 2050. Lancet. 2024;404(10469):2278-98.

7. Bertapelli F, Pitetti K, Agiovlasitis S, Guerra-Junior G. Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with Down syndrome-prevalence, determinants, consequences, and interventions: A literature review. Res Dev Disabil. 2016;57:181-92.

8. Jebeile H, Kelly AS, O'Malley G, Baur LA. Obesity in children and adolescents: epidemiology, causes, assessment, and management. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022;10(5):351-65.

9. Olsen NJ, Østergaard JN, Bjerregaard LG, Høy TV, Kierkegaard L, Michaelsen KF, et al. A literature review of evidence for primary prevention of overweight and obesity in healthy weight children and adolescents: A report produced by a working group of the Danish Council on Health and Disease Prevention. Obes Rev. 2024;25(1):e13641.

10. Tian C, Xu M, Lai H, Sun M, Lu Y, Wang Y, et al. Management for children and adolescents with overweight and obesity: a recommendations mapping. Pediatr Res. 2025;97(1):92-8.

11. Nogueira-de-Almeida CA, Weffort VRS, Ued FDV, Ferraz IS, Contini AA, Martinez EZ, et al. What causes obesity in children and adolescents? J Pediatr (Rio J). 2024;100(1):48-56.

12. Zhu Y, Wang NN, Pan D, Wang S. Risk of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Child Obes. 2024;20(2):119-27.

13. Mazidi M, Banach M, Kengne AP, Lipid, Blood Pressure Meta-Analysis Collaboration G. Prevalence of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity in Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Med Sci. 2018;14(6):1185-203.

14. van de Pas KGH, de Krom MAP, Winkens B, van Dielen FMH, Vreugdenhil ACE. Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents with Overweight, Obesity, and Severe Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study. Obes Facts. 2023;16(3):282-92.

15. Al Ta'ani O, Al-Ajlouni YA, Aleyadeh W, Al-Bitar F, Alsakarneh S, Saadeh A, et al. The impact of overweight and obesity on health outcomes in the United States from 1990 to 2021. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2024;26(11):5455-65.

16. Djalalinia S, Qorbani M, Peykari N, Kelishadi R. Health impacts of Obesity. Pak J Med Sci. 2015;31(1):239-42.

17. Islam A, Sultana H, Nazmul Hassan Refat M, Farhana Z, Abdulbasah Kamil A, Meshbahur Rahman M. The global burden of overweight-obesity and its association with economic status, benefiting from STEPs survey of WHO member states: A meta-analysis. Prev Med Rep. 2024;46:102882.

18. Williams EP, Mesidor M, Winters K, Dubbert PM, Wyatt SB. Overweight and Obesity: Prevalence, Consequences, and Causes of a Growing Public Health Problem. Curr Obes Rep. 2015;4(3):363-70.

19. Dankel SJ, Loenneke JP, Loprinzi PD. Health Outcomes in Relation to Physical Activity Status, Overweight/Obesity, and History of Overweight/Obesity: A Review of the WATCH Paradigm. Sports Med. 2017;47(6):1029-34.

20. Field T. Yoga research review. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2016;24:145-61.

21. Gothe NP, Khan I, Hayes J, Erlenbach E, Damoiseaux JS. Yoga Effects on Brain Health: A Systematic Review of the Current Literature. Brain Plast. 2019;5(1):105-22.

22. Dutta A, Aruchunan M, Mukherjee A, Metri KG, Ghosh K, Basu-Ray I. A Comprehensive Review of Yoga Research in 2020. J Integr Complement Med. 2022;28(2):114-23.

23. Parekh AJ, Prakasam A. Effectiveness of Yoga and Meditation on Quality of Life Among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis. Indian J Nephrol. 2024;34(5):533-6.

24. Gupta P. Yoga at Primary Health Centers - A Pathway to Holistic Health: Narrative Review. Int J Yoga. 2024;17(2):93-100.

25. Campanelli S, Tort ABL, Lobão-Soares B. Pranayamas and Their Neurophysiological Effects. Int J Yoga. 2020;13(3):183-92.

26. Sengupta P. Health Impacts of Yoga and Pranayama: A State-of-the-Art Review. Int J Prev Med. 2012;3(7):444-58.

27. Jayawardena R, Ranasinghe P, Ranawaka H, Gamage N, Dissanayake D, Misra A. Exploring the Therapeutic Benefits of Pranayama (Yogic Breathing): A Systematic Review. Int J Yoga. 2020;13(2):99-110.

28. Novaes MM, Palhano-Fontes F, Onias H, Andrade KC, Lobão-Soares B, Arruda-Sanchez T, et al. Effects of Yoga Respiratory Practice (Bhastrika pranayama) on Anxiety, Affect, and Brain Functional Connectivity and Activity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:467.

29. Zaccaro A, Piarulli A, Laurino M, Garbella E, Menicucci D, Neri B, et al. How Breath-Control Can Change Your Life: A Systematic Review on Psycho-Physiological Correlates of Slow Breathing. Front Hum Neurosci. 2018;12:353.

30. Saoji AA, Raghavendra BR, Manjunath NK. Effects of yogic breath regulation: A narrative review of scientific evidence. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2019;10(1):50-8.

31. Maya J, Arcos-Romero AI, Rodríguez-Carrasco CR, Hidalgo V. Psychometric properties of Self-Compassion Scale Short Form (SCS-SF) in Spanish adolescents. Heliyon. 2024;10(16):e36331.

32. Ford J, Thomas F, Byng R, McCabe R. Use of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in Practice: Interactions between patients and physicians. Qual Health Res. 2020;30(13):2146-59.

33. Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Ayala-García A, Forjaz MJ, Gallardo-Peralta LP. Validation of the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, 6-item version, in a multiethnic population of Chilean older adults. Australas J Ageing. 2021;40(2):e100-e8.

34. Miyoshi T, Ida H, Nishimura Y, Ako S, Otsuka F. Effects of Yoga and Mindfulness Programs on Self-Compassion in Medical Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Intervention Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(19):12523.

35. Alvarez E, Sutton A, Barton B, Vaidya S. Evaluating a group-based Yoga of Stress Resilience programme: a pragmatic before-after interventional study protocol. BMJ Open. 2020;10(3):e035862.

36. Wu Y, Yan D, Yang J. Effectiveness of yoga for major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry. 2023;14:1138205.

37. Saini GK, Haseeb SB, Taghi-Zada Z, Ng JY. The effects of meditation on individuals facing loneliness: a scoping review. BMC Psychol. 2021;9(1):88.

38. Fu Y, Song Y, Li Y, Sanchez-Vidana DI, Zhang JJ, Lau WK, et al. The effect of mindfulness meditation on depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):20189.

39. Janjhua Y, Chaudhary R, Sharma N, Kumar K. A study on effect of yoga on emotional regulation, self-esteem, and feelings of adolescents. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020;9(7):3381-6.

40. Uebelacker LA, Kraines M, Broughton MK, Tremont G, Gillette LT, Epstein-Lubow G, et al. Perceptions of hatha yoga amongst persistently depressed individuals enrolled in a trial of yoga for depression. Complement Ther Med. 2017;34:149-55.

Additional Files

Published

2025-07-01

How to Cite

Erdoğan, R. ., & Shafaei, H. (2025). Effects of a Yoga-Based Intervention on Self-Compassion, Depression and Loneliness in Obese Adolescents. International Journal of Sport Studies for Health, 8(3), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.intjssh.8.3.2