KMAN Publication Inc. (KMANPUB) Health Nexus 3 Serial Number 11 2025 09 01 The Effects of Neurofeedback and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Cognitive Flexibility and Working Memory Performance in Older Adults with Alzheimer’s Disease The Effects of Neurofeedback and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Cognitive Flexibility and Working Memory Performance in Older Adults with Alzheimer’s Disease 1 15 EN Journal Article 2025 04 10 <p>ABSTRACT</p> <p>The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of neurofeedback and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in improving cognitive flexibility and working memory performance among older adults with Alzheimer’s disease. In terms of purpose, this was an applied study, and methodologically, it employed a quasi-experimental design with pretest, posttest, and three-month follow-up assessments and a control group. The statistical population consisted of older adults with Alzheimer’s disease residing at the Kahrizak Nursing Home and Rehabilitation Center for Older Adults and Persons with Disabilities in Tehran during 2021–2022. Among eligible individuals, 45 older adults were selected through convenience sampling and, after being matched for age, were randomly assigned to three groups: neurofeedback, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, and control. Data were collected using the Working Memory Test developed by Daneman and Carpenter (1980) and the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory developed by Dennis and Vander Wal (2010). The neurofeedback intervention was administered in 10 sessions of 45 minutes each, while mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was delivered in 10 one-hour sessions based on the protocol developed by Crane (2017); the control group received no intervention during this period. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. The results indicated that, compared with the control group, both neurofeedback and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy significantly increased cognitive flexibility in older adults with Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, both interventions improved the working memory components of storage and processing compared with the control group. The posttest and follow-up findings also demonstrated the effectiveness of the interventions on the variables under investigation. The findings suggest that neurofeedback and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy can be used as nonpharmacological, adjunctive interventions to improve cognitive flexibility and working memory performance in older adults with Alzheimer’s disease. Incorporating these interventions alongside conventional care and treatment may contribute to the maintenance and enhancement of cognitive functioning in these patients.</p> https://www.journals.kmanpub.com/index.php/Health-Nexus/article/download/6156/11851